The design of an efficient yet cost-effective wind turbine involves several crucial parameters. Among these, the aerodynamic design of the blade plays a key role in maximizing the lift while minimizing the drag force acting on the blade. To achieve this, it is essential that the aerofoil is oriented to face the relative wind in such a way that it minimizes the area exposed to drag.

The angle between the blades and the relative wind is primarily determined by the interplay between wind speed and blade velocity. While wind speed remains relatively constant across the swept area, the blade velocity increases from the hub to the tip, leading to a constantly changing relative angle of attack along the blade. This dynamic relationship between wind velocity and blade speed must be carefully accounted for to optimize performance and efficiency in wind turbine design.

ICSCR-2024 aims to unite researchers, educators, students, practitioners, technocrats, and policymakers from academia, government, industry, and non-governmental organizations to discuss, share, and promote the latest research and advancements in electrical, electronics, computer science, and instrumentation. The conference will feature a rich blend of events, including keynote addresses by distinguished academics, high-quality plenary sessions, tutorials, student paper contests, and cutting-edge research demonstrations from top researchers worldwide. ICSCR-2024 will serve as a prime platform for networking and knowledge dissemination.

This present practical manual of ART is an outcome of my personal and professional clinical ART experience carried out during the period 2009 – 2022 with various IVF centers in north India. It was my privilege to observe numerous clinical laboratories works under the supervision of senior clinical embryologists, as well as hands-on IVF andrology laboratory work independently. As a result, I would like to share my experience in the form of a textbook entitled “Practical Manual of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Lab”.
In this practical manual have 20 practical’s with a well-explained working protocol as per WHO 2021. 1st practical is semen analysis (SA) and it is explained as the Objective, Principle, and indication of SA and solution of abnormal SA report, material requirements, method of SA, and reporting format with a practice sheet. Similarly, all the practical’s have these types of explanations. 2nd practical is sperm morphology (SM). 3rd practical is the sperm survival test (SST). 4th practical is the sperm vitality test (SVT). 4.1 practical is the hypo-osmotic test (HOST). 4.2 practical is the eosin-nigrosin test. 4.3 practical is a motility test for necrozoospermia. 5th practical is the sperm DNA fragmentation index (SDFI). 6th test is a semen preparation for IUI & IVF / ICSI or ART procedure. 7th practical is the sperm function test (SFT). The 8th practical is a post-coital test (PCT). 9th practical is the sperm-cervical mucus contact (SCMC). 10th practical is a semen fructose test. 11th practical is the retrograde semen ejaculation test. 12th practical is the Processing of TESA sample. 13th is the general awareness about culture media, dish preparation and oocyte preparation for IVF/ICSI. 14th practical is the oocyte & embryo cryopreservation and thawing. 14.1 practical is the sperm / semen cryopreservation. 14.2 practical is the sperm / semen thawing. 15th practical is the last practical of this manual which is catheter flushing, embryo loading and ET.
The purpose of this practical manual is to provide basic information about how to perform the andrology and ART lab tests in a precise manner. This manual is intended for Beginner, B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. scholars in clinical embryology, as well as ART practitioners. A practical manual providing principal-based approaches to aid in the completion of ART laboratory test in a systematic manner is presented in this book.

It is very important for human beings to get positive energy, which may come internally or externally. These energy must be got from universe. That person knows astronomy and its principles. Once humans know the concepts from astronomy, they can get positive energy, which will be completely white energy defending black energy that is removing black energy from white energy. With perfect directions, a person can travel, do his business at the right location, and definitely succeed in his target by gaining positive energy. This paper deals with a positive friendly angle that is exactly 1800 and a negative enemy angle that is exactly 900. This can be best understood from a 3D view of all directions of the earth's planet.

International Conference on Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics. Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics are the booming domains in the latest technological arena; these are the most desired areas for developing technology and its enabled services. To recognize this objective, sustained focus will be in the direction of Information and Communication Technology development. With the collaborative effects of industry and technical institutions, smart development of new technologies will be available to the society. This development will be possible through suitable research and development in industry and technical education. Nowa-days academic Institutions are focusing towards this sustained smart technologies is the mantra for exploring frontier areas in the technology development

National Conference on Next Generation Intelligence in Electronics and Communication Engineering.

List of Topics

• VLSI and Embedded Systems
• Atificial Intelligence and Robotics
• Energy optimization
• Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles
• Grid Integration
• Internet of Things
• Wireless & Sensor Networks
• Signal Processing
• Big Data Analytics
• Machine Learning.

Aims to bring together academicians, scientists, researchers, industry experts and UG/PG students, research scholars to exchange and share their research findings and solutions on all aspects of Civil Engineering and Applied Sciences. To provide an inter disciplinary platform for researcher and educators to discuss about the recent innovations and envision the future sustainable development in the field of Civil& Mechanical Engineering and Applied Sciences in a global way.

The conference provides an opportunity to researchers and practitioners from academia and research centres to address the advancement in the fields like Life Sciences, Agricultural Sciences, Pharmacy, Medicine, applied sciences, engineering and technology.

Workshop technology is the branch of engineering which deals with different manufacturing processes by which component of a machine or equipment?s are made and repaired. It involves many different manufacturing processes to manufacture new products in manufacturing industry.

This book's chapters are mainly introductory as well as analysis notes for clearly explaining the newest concepts in the advancement of updated mechanical engineering streams. It is especially helpful in automobile, industrial production, CIM, CFD, aeronautical engineering, and civil engineering projects and problems. This gives clear solutions to the above-field problems. For example, aerospace vehicles explain how and when accidents happen and give remedies to problems. Protection of human beings from negative energy through the use of barrier materials So the complete volume 1 book mainly focuses on updated versions of mechanical engineering concepts. All these are extensively concept-oriented and are very helpful to human beings in terms of social welfare. This book covers almost all mechanical fields, from conventional to advanced digital manufacturing applications. I am especially thankful for the great eminent personality of my guide and teacher, Late Dr. C. S. Venkatesha, popularly known as CSV, who gave me such vast knowledge and concepts.

This conference aims to explore the latest advancements and trends in computational intelligence, bringing together researchers, professionals, and academicians from around the world.

The national level conference on Advances in Materials and Processes for Sustainable Applications (AMPSA-2023) being organized by Gharda Institute of Technology. AMPSA-2023 provides an opportunity for the meeting of Researchers, Engineers, Scientists, and specialists in the various research and development fields of Material Science, Engineering and Technology. The conference offers a premise for the experts to gather and interact on the topics of related to material and material processing in civil, mechanical, chemical and other engineering sectors. I hope, eminent keynote speakers will cover the theme Green Challenges and Smart Material Solutions from different perspectives. I am privileged to say that this conference will definitely offer suitable solutions to the issues and problems related to sustainability with the help of participants and experts. The success of this Conference is solely on the dedication and efforts of innumerable people. Right from the Organizing Committee which started working on the preparations for almost 6 months, to the Student Volunteers who assisted in many ways to make this Conference become a reality

In preparing this new edition of Modern Physics, we have again relied heavily on the many helpful suggestions from a large team of reviewers and from a host of instructor and student users of the earlier editions. Their advice reflected the discoveries that have further enlarged modern physics in the early years of this new century and took note of the evolution that is occurring in the teaching of physics in colleges and universities. As the term modern physics has come to mean the physics of the modern era—relativity and quantum theory—we have heeded the advice of many users and reviewers and preserved the historical and cultural flavor of the book while being careful to maintain the mathematical level of the fourth edition. We continue to provide the flexibility for instructors to match the book and its supporting ancillaries to a wide variety of teaching modes, including both one- and two-semester courses and media-enhanced courses.

The increasing ability to transmit a higher amount of information over longer distances more quickly has expanded the boundaries of our technological development. Data networks, wireless and satellite communications, and cable utilities are among the areas that have experienced this high-tech surge, thanks to the use of fiber optics. These industries will continue to grow, and fiber optics applications expand.

In the 19th century, as more complexes are discovered, numbers of theories are proposed to account for their formation and properties. The most successful and widely accepted theory is called chain theory (1869) of the Swedish chemist. Jorgensen’s extensive preparations of numerous complexes provided experimental foundation not only for Blomstrand-Jorgensen chain theory but for Alsatian-born Swiss chemist Alfred Werner’s coordination theory (1893) as well. Alfred Werner (1866-1919) who is regarded as father of coordination chemistry put forth his theory of coordination in 1893 even before the discovery of electron (1896). He is awarded the Noble prize in coordination chemistry in 1913 for proposing octahedral configuration of transition metal complexes. He has developed basic for modern coordination chemistry. Now coordination chemistry has reached to the advanced and modified states in terms of ideas and theories. Coordination compounds play very important role in numerous chemical and biological systems.

The International Conference on Emerging Trends & Innovation in Science, Engineering and Education (IESEE-2022) is to bring all interested professionals together to discuss in-depth the issues surrounding emerging trends in engineering and technology, find solutions where they can be found, and pinpoint any areas that require additional research. The overwhelming response received from all over the country is simply amazing. I appreciate all the authors for their exemplary contributions and in particular, the members of the programme committee for their proficient review of the manuscripts. It is also encouraging to note that foreign delegates of international repute in the field are going to deliver key-note address in this conference. I would like to express my appreciation to all the invited chairs and keynote speakers for their collaborative work on the event's planning and preparation.

Clouds are basically known for their service delivery over the internet along with the infrastructure. Cloud computing’s power house are the data centres which help to provide the services to the client with its resources like hardware or system software etc. These facilitate clouds with ubiquitous and wireless networking, less storage costs, and progressive improvements in internet computing software. The clients will be able to get value added services ubiquitously at reduce costs, optimised resource utilization, etc. The current technical governing of cloud computing infrastructures and services is done by virtualization. Cloud Computing is the most popular technology among all the distributed computing techniques available. Cloud computing is a part of distributed computing where all the facilities provided under one umbrella like platforms, softwares, infrastructure everything in the form of services. Thus, there are various advantages provided by cloud computing environment and the biggest of them is reuse. Interoperability is the reuse of infrastructure, software, or platforms through cloud ubiquitously.

“A Practical Book of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-I” is an attempt to meet utmost requirements of the students of B. Pharm. IV semester/ second year, craving for the experimental designs and procedural aspects involved in the subject Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-I. The book has fulfilled the requirements of Education Regulation and PCI. The book can be recommended as a useful reference book for the students and pharmacy professionals. The crude drug utilization, development of herbal drug industries and herbal formulations has raised the aspect of analysis for physicochemical determinations and microscopic with chemical interventions of crude drugs, which is included in the book with examples. The standardization of herbal drugs on account of physicochemical parameters will also be useful.

There was a period of blooming Sino-Indian ties in the 1950s, founded on peaceful cohabitation, but the Tibet problem and a boundary dispute poisoned that mood. India and Pakistan went to war over the border in 1962 because of Nehru's no-dispute and no-negotiation policies. For the next two decades, ties between China and India were marked by a chilling cold war. When Rajiv Gandhi was in power in 1988, tension between India and Pakistan decreased and new efforts were made to normalize ties. Relations between the nations have progressively improved since the conclusion of the Cold War and have strengthened in several mutually beneficial areas. Inter-state visits between presidents have improved ties, and numerous topics such as border disputes have been brought up for discussion to be resolved via cooperative efforts. PM Manmohan Singh's recent visit changed the course of bilateral ties. A look back at Sino-Indian ties has been undertaken in this research.

Due to modern civilization, Indian children become far less active as they move through adolescence and it is found that obesity is increasing among children. Childhood and adolescence may thus be pivotal times for preventing sedentary behaviour among adults. School based interventions have shown to be successful in increasing physical activity levels (Manley, A 1996). Recent newspaper reports have highlighted increasing obesity amongst school going children. Prevention of childhood obesity has the potential of preventing Cardio Vascular Diseases in adults. Sallis & Owen (1995) have recorded Hippocrates thoughts which reiterate “Generally speaking, all parts of the body which have a function, if used in moderation and exercised in labors to which each is accustomed, become healthy and well developed, and age slowly, but if unused and left to idle, they become liable to disease, and defective ingrowths, and age quickly”. Physical activity has direct relation towards improvement in physical fitness. Regular physical activity or cardio respiratory fitness decreases the risk of cardio vascular disease mortality in general and of coronary heart disease mortality in particular (Manley, 1996). Various, “Health surveys and development committee Government of India” also found poor status of public health. Several other surveys in the West have clearly pointed out that for optimal health; people of all ages have to be physically active on most days. It is also realized that current physical education programs are inadequate to promote lifetime physical fitness and every physical educators expect a change in curriculum which would lead to development of attitude towards lifelong exercise behaviour with special emphasis on health related fitness.

Geography is concerned with the spatial distribution of various characteristics on the earth surface. Geography is the subject, which classified into two major and many subareas of study. Agricultural Geography is the branch of Human Geography. Agriculture is the primary economic activity of mankind. Agriculture is the science and an art of cultivating the soil, growing, and harvesting of crops, domestication of animal and raising of plants for the use of human being. Agriculture is more dynamic and diverse than any other human activity. Increasing population of the world needs to the huge amount of food and it will be only supplied by agriculture. It still largely depends on environmental conditions and present wide spatial variation (Dhillon S.S). Though the significance of agriculture in terms of employment and generation of national income is still important, the development of agriculture is an essential, for sufficient conditions of rural development. Its development wins strength the rate of industrial development by increasing food production capacity.

This book aims to provide a broad introduction and programming in MATLAB for Digital Image Processing. The importance of Digital Image Processing is well known in various engineering fields. The book uses plain lucid language to explain fundamentals of this subject. It provides logical method of explaining various complicated concepts and stepwise methods to explain important topics. Each chapter is well supported with necessary illustrations. All the chapters in the book are arranged in a proper sequence that permits each topic to build upon earlier studies. Digital image processing is an important research area. The techniques developed in this area so far require to be summarized in an appropriate way. In this book, the fundamental theories of these techniques are introduced. Particularly, the functions required in image processing techniques are introduced.

If you're an experienced system administrator looking to acquire Linux skills, or a seasoned Linux user facing a new challenge, Linux System Administration offers practical knowledge for managing a complete range of Linux systems and servers. The book summarizes the steps you need to build everything from standalone SOHO hubs, web servers, and LAN servers to load-balanced clusters and servers consolidated through virtualization. Along the way, you'll learn about all of the tools you need to set up and maintain these working environments.
Linux is now a standard corporate platform with users numbering in the hundreds of millions, and there is a definite shortage of talented administrators. Linux System Administration is ideal as an introduction to Linux for Unix veterans, MCSEs, and mainframe administrators, and as an advanced (and refresher) guide for existing Linux administrators who will want to jump into the middle of the book. Inside, you'll learn how to:

• Set up a stand-alone Linux server
• Install, configure, maintain, and troubleshoot a DNS server using BIND
• Build an Internet server to manage sites, perform email and file transfers, and more
• Set up an email service for a small-to-medium-sized site, complete with authentication
• Install and configure Apache, PHP, and MySQL on a web server built from scratch
• Combine computers into a load-balanced Apache web server cluster based on the free Linux Virtual Server
• Set up local network services from distributed file systems to DHCP services, gateway services, print services, user management and more
• Use Linux virtualization with Xen or VMWare to run multiple kernels on one piece of hardware; manage each kernel's access to processor time, devices, and memory
• Create shell scripts and adapt them for your own needs
• Back up and restore data with rsync, tar, cdrecord, Amanda, and MySQL tools

Through a series of recent breakthroughs, deep learning has boosted the entire field of machine learning. Now, even programmers who know close to nothing about this technology can use simple, efficient tools to implement programs capable of learning from data. This practical book shows you how.
By using concrete examples, minimal theory, and two production-ready Python frameworks—Scikit-Learn and TensorFlow—author Aurélien Géron helps you gain an intuitive understanding of the concepts and tools for building intelligent systems. You’ll learn a range of techniques, starting with simple linear regression and progressing to deep neural networks. With exercises in each chapter to help you apply what you’ve learned, all you need is programming experience to get started.

• A Review Book of Drug Regulatory Authorities includes National and International Drug regulatory Bodies
• Different Regulatory bodies such as World Health Organisation, Central Drug Standard Control Organization(India),TGA (Therapeutic Drug Administration),The Food and Drug Administration (FDA),European Medicines Agency (EMA)
• A Book includes Simple Explanation and Can be Referred by Pharmacy Students (B.pharmcy,M.Pharmacy Students), Medical Field and Life Sciences Students
• The Objective of Publishing Book is that the Student should Receive Drug Regulatory Authorities Information from Same Book and in Simple language.
• Different Function According to the drug Regulatory Bodies are given in detail
• Dedicated to Pharmacy, Research Students, Life Sciences students
• Also Helpful for Working Professionals and Learning Professionals in Clinical Research,Pharmacovigilance,Clinical Data Management

• Reference book of Pharmacognosy includes History, Scope and Pharmacological Grouping of crude drugs are Explained
• Objective of Reference book of Pharmacognosy is Students should get Simple notes with the help of Reference book of Pharmacognosy
• It includes Simple and point wise Explanation
• The main objective of this book is to understand by students regarding pharmacognosy easily and to develop their interest in pharmacognosy
• Book includes: Chemical nature of crude drugs, chemical test of various crude drugs and separately enlisted definition of various pharmacological grouping of crude drug are also given in the book
• The book is strictly prepared according to syllabus of Diploma in pharmacy and bachelor of pharmacy as well master of pharmacy student can also refer the book for pharmacognosy subject
• Simple explanation is given and book is in the form of pharmacognosy notes
• Mostly dedicated to first year Diploma in pharmacy student and each and every thing available in the reference book of pharmacognosy.

This International Conference on International Conference on Advances in Materials, Computing and Communication Technologies (ICAMCCT 2021) fits with the mission of AVCE to explore the new horizon of innovations from distinguished researchers, scientists, and eminent authors in academia and industries. We believe that researchers and practitioners, coming together for such conferences can advance the quality of education received by students worldwide.

This conference provides a platform which brings Researchers, Scientists, Engineers, and Academicians & Research Scholars from across the country under one platform to discuss their views, ideas and experience related to Applied Sciences. I extend my best wishes to entire organizing team and committee members in bringing out this proceeding on the occasion of the National Conference. I extend my greetings and best wishes to all the participants and wish this conference a grand success.

This collection will be of interest to practitioners, researchers, and policy makers and public infrastructure owners, planners, and managers.

• A basics of drug store and Business Management Prepared as per the requirement of Second Year Diploma in pharmacy Students & as per the syllabus
• A Book includes two Sections/Parts mainly: Commerce and Accountancy
• Commerce section includes Introduction of commerce, Forms of Business organisation, Inventory control, Purchasing, Drug house Management, Sales Promotion ,Recruitment and Training ,Banking and Finance And Account Section
• The Book includes Latest question papers, Separate Definitions & Distinguish between
• A basics of drug store and Business Management Specially dedicated to Second Year Diploma in pharmacy Students And Lecturers in pharmacy
• The book is design according Answer Required for Board Examination
• Simple and easily understandable Language is provided for students with the help of this Book
• Book is in the form of Notes, So Students Will Receive everything Regarding Drug store and Business Management form Same book
• The Simple language of Book will help students in understanding the concepts and able to write precise answers and helpful for Examination
• And Achieving better Success in the Subject as well as carrier

The global framework of the IPR regime has been getting increasingly complex and including in its ambit a diversity of multilateral agreements, international organizations, regional conventions, instruments and bilateral agreements. Of these, the agreements that affect the greatest number of countries are the TRIPs agreement and some of the multilateral treaties administrated by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Human thought transcends boundaries, finding creative solutions to applied technical and scientific problems, in communicating the existence and quality of products and persuading consumers to buy them, and in expressing images and thoughts. These intellectual efforts create new technologies, describe new ways of conducting affairs, develop new products and services, and expand the cultural richness of society. These result in the development of intellectual assets, or pieces of information that are called intellectual property to the extent they bear recognized ownership. The economic returns to creating them depend on their costs of creation, their desirability to potential users, the structure of the markets in which they are sold, and the legal rights established to permit property owners to control their use. The legal devices that provide such control are called Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). It is an exclusive right granted by the State for the exploitation of intellectual creations. Besides science and technology, much of the world’s intellectual property (IP) is embodied in music, movies, videos, books, articles, illustrations and other creative content. Besides the on-going revolution and developments in digital devices and services, there is content being created, moved and consumed in increasingly complex ways. There exists technical convergence between telecommunication, broadcasting, informatics and interactive multimedia and this is showing enormous potential of growth besides dissemination and entertainment.

Air and water pollution are growing concerns, because the threats of environmental pollution are real and the effects are already felt world-wide with the start of 21st century. Though water and land pollution are very dangerous, air pollution has become a global problem faced by both the developed nations as well as the developing ones. As air pollution has its own peculiarities, due to the tendency of its trans-boundary dispersion of pollutants over the entire world. Air pollution can be defined as the human introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulate matter or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans, or other living organism or damage the environment. It has been aggravated by developments that typically occur as countries become industrialized, growing cities, increased traffic, rapid economic development and industrialization, and high levels of energy consumption. All these factors act as cause and effect for one another and act in a synergistic manner to found the sanctity of natural environment. According to UNEP it is estimated that more than 1 billion people are exposed to outdoor air pollution annually. Urban air pollution is linked to up to 1 million premature deaths and 1 million pre-native deaths each year. The characteristics of urban air pollution have changed significantly over recent decades. Concentrations of traditionally important pollutants such as sulphur dioxide (SO2) and black smoke have declined substantially, while road traffic emissions have emerged as the major cause of poor air quality (Brophy et al.2007).

Water is the most abundant substance, covering more than 70 percent of the earth’s surfaceand existing in many places and forms, mostly in the oceans and polar ice caps, but also asclouds, rain water, rivers, freshwater aquifers, and sea ice. Water is also found in the ground and in the air we breathe and is essential to all known forms of life. It is vital for all known forms of life. On Earth, 96.5 % of the planet's water is found in seas and oceans, 1.7 % in groundwater, 1.7 % in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland, a small fraction in other large water bodies, and 0.001 % in the air as vapour, clouds (formed of ice and liquid water suspended in air), and precipitation. Only 2.5 % of the Earth's water is freshwater, and 98.8 % of that water is in ice (excepting ice in clouds) and groundwater. Less than 0.3 % of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere, and an even smaller amount of the Earth's freshwater (0.003 %) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products.

The global framework of the IPR regime has been getting increasingly complex and including in its ambit a diversity of multilateral agreements, international organizations, regional conventions, instruments and bilateral agreements. of these, the agreements that affect the greatest number of countries are the TRIPs agreement and some of the multilateral treaties administrated by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Human thought transcends boundaries, finding creative solutions to applied technical and scientific problems, in communicating the existence and quality of products and persuading consumers to buy them, and in expressing images and thoughts. These intellectual efforts create new technologies, describe new ways of conducting affairs, develop new products and services, and expand the cultural richness of society. These result in the development of intellectual assets, or pieces of information that are called intellectual property to the extent they bear recognized ownership. The economic returns to creating them depend on their costs of creation, their desirability to potential users, the structure of the markets in which they are sold, and the legal rights established to permit property owners to control their use. The legal devices that provide such control are called Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). It is an exclusive right granted by the State for the exploitation of intellectual creations. Besides science and technology, much of the world’s intellectual property (IP) is embodied in music, movies, videos, books, articles, illustrations and other creative content. Besides the on-going revolution and developments in digital devices and services, there is content being created, moved and consumed in increasingly complex ways. There exists technical convergence between telecommunication, broadcasting, informatics and interactive multimedia and this is showing enormous potential of growth besides dissemination and entertainment.

            Even though broadcasting does not draw substantive attention when it comes to multilateral trade treaty negotiations, it has started playing a critical role when it acts as a widespread tool of information transfer as a method of improving transparency and other elements of governance. Mediums of broadcast like the radio or the television – form a significant sector offering potential access point to new information and communication technologies. In recent times, media has moved into the lives of people through internet and television, especially in the areas of sports, business news, and entertainment, including soap operas. This bouyant commercialisation has resulted in intense litigations too.
         Literature on the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights connecting ‘Broadcasting’ is scarce. It is not possible to separate copyright and Neighbouring Rights so as to provide a separate legal regime for protection of Neighbouring Rights in India. Developments in the global copyright regime have created so much trade interest that WIPO and WTO stand together on the issues of protection, and compel members to bring their municipal laws into conformity with international commitments that facilitate trade. This shows that Neighbouring Rights have acquired a status, from which no relegation is possible now. The need to devise a stringent domestic legal regime to strengthen these intermediary rights is strongly felt. Neighbouring Rights differ from copyright because they belong to owners who are regarded as intermediaries in the production, recording and dissemination of works. The link with copyright is due to the fact that the three categories of related rights owners are auxiliaries in the intellectual creation process since they lend their assistance to authors in the communication of the latter’s works to the public.

Neighbouring Rights have taken a new dimension with easy accessibility of technology to the world at large. The Government of India is obliged to honour fundamental principles and international treaties like UCC, WPPT and WCT. First, the Government has committed itself to respect and implement the provisions of the agreements it has ratified, which include the Universal Declaration. Second, these international instruments create a body of customary international law. Even if India has not ratified a particular treaty, the world community will judge India by these civil and political standards. Third, the rights and responsibilities embodied in these agreements are similar to those in the Indian Constitution, particularly with regard to freedom of speech and expression. Admittedly, working with these instruments is challenging. It is hard to determine what tens or hundreds of different framers intended the provisions to mean. And it is difficult to get guidance from the practices at the time the Constitution and the Charter were drafted, because technology has changed significantly since then. The Constituent Assembly finalised the Indian Constitution on November 26, 1949; it came into force on January 26, 1950. Radio broadcasting was quite limited in India in the late 1940s; at the time of India's independence from England, the Government owned and operated 11 stations. Television did not come to India until 1959, more than a year after the Russians launched Sputnik in October 1957. This study attempts to understand broadcasting rights vis-à-vis IPR with special relevance to India.

           The IPR connecting this aspect is the Copyright and Neighboring Rights which are a major part of IPR designed to reward and promotes the production of intellectual works in relation to the development of information technology. Neighboring Rights are rights that may be granted to persons or legal entities different from those that are generally considered traditional beneficiaries of copyright. In countries that provide a distinct classification between copyright and related rights, the scope and level of protection granted to the beneficiaries of related rights is generally lower than that of copyright. This is in recognition that the beneficiaries of related rights are not original creators of works but merely intermediaries in their production, recording or diffusion; hence the term ‘related’ or ‘neighboring’ rights.

            Broadcasting has been traditionally conceptualized as a ‘Public good’. The effort and cost required to provide it to one person is the same as if it were provided to many. Understanding the long history of machinations by broadcasters in public relations and various regulatory agencies is crucial for those concerned with the future of public broadcasting. Public-funded State broadcasting services with a monopoly of broadcasting in a country, no longer exists in developing countries. Liberalisation Policies and Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in the new market for broadcasting, followed by de-regulation and creation of a new competitive environment, facilitate the growth of the market model in broadcasting. In an open market, it is considered that individuals can fully express their preferences and hence commercial broadcasting would be able to meet them better. Viewers become consumers. This belief is exemplified by the emergence of Multinational Broadcasting Companies.

The Mission of this Conference is to provide value education and motivate young professionals in building cognitive characteristics, evoke creative expression and cultivate the budding Engineers with recent trends in technology, prepare emerging engineers with concept oriented subject knowledge supplemented with practic al orientation to face challenges of modern world. Research and academics should go hand in hand in the making of better future technocrats and Engineers. The Conference has bench marked invited lecture sessions in which eminent professors from various fie lds of Engineering & Technology for imparting knowledge and experience to young aspirants. On the occasion of this event, I heartily welcome all the participants to this campus and wish them all success.

National Conference By  Faculty of Science In collaboration with Internal Quality Assurance Cell (IQAC) Dr. S. D. D. Arts College & Commerce & Science College, Wada Wada, Dist: Palghar - 421 303, Maharashtra, India

The foundation of the personality of a man is laid in the formative years of life. Childhood is a period of rapid growth and development and it is dependent on the interaction of many factors, which operates both internally and externally. Any deficiency during this period may cause irreparable damage to the future development of the child and no amount of subsequent attention may really make up for this loss. Therefore, if no initiative is taken to protect the large interests of children in this world, then probably the world, as a whole has to pay a heavy price in future. Unless this problem is tackled, the large mass of children will continue to suffer from exploitation and degradation.

1. Rudiments of clinical research introduces the student, researcher, or practitioner to the clinical research elements in the healthcare field.
2. The book covers the basics and historical evidences of clinical research and its applications in evidence-based guidance, the regulatory requirements and the decision-making methods.
3. Also it covers with sections on the history of clinical research and ethics, copious figures and charts, and sample documents it serves as an excellent companion text for any course on clinical research and as a must-have reference for seasoned researchers.
4. It define clinical research.
5. How to stimulate individuals to pursue careers in clinical investigation and clinical research operations 
6. Define appropriate curricula for training.
7. Identify mechanisms to bridge the gap between the basic and clinical sciences.
8. Address mechanisms for clinical investigation, run clinical trials into different phases.
9. Establish measures of success in clinical research in addition to obtaining quality, safety efficacy and multidisciplinary results.
10. Encourage academic and industrial institutions to protect and reward these valuable investigators, and researchers.
11. Ensure adequate support mechanisms for retaining clinical researchers.
12. Also guides with all the regulatory requirements involved right from the start till the life span of clinical research.